India’s New Defence Doctrine: A Focus on ‘Made in India’ and Defence Exports
In a pivotal address to the nation following Operation Sindoor, Prime Minister Narendra Modi outlined a robust new doctrine aimed at countering terrorism emanating from Pakistan. Central to this strategy is the emphasis on ‘Made in India’ defence equipment, a move that not only seeks to bolster national security but also aims to position India as a significant player in the global defence market.
The Vision for Defence Manufacturing
The ‘Made in India’ initiative is not merely about self-sufficiency; it envisions India as a hub for defence manufacturing that caters to both domestic and international markets. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has set an ambitious target of ₹50,000 crore in defence exports by 2029, representing a more than 100% increase from the current level of ₹23,622 crore. This goal underscores the government’s commitment to transforming India’s defence landscape.
Addressing Industry Concerns
One of the primary challenges faced by defence manufacturers is the inconsistency in government procurement processes. Orders are often issued in a sporadic manner, making it difficult for manufacturers to plan investments and train personnel effectively. By fostering a vibrant defence export ecosystem, India can mitigate these issues. Foreign orders can provide a buffer during periods of low domestic procurement, ensuring that manufacturers remain operational and competitive.
Defence Exports as a Force Multiplier
Defence exports can serve as a strategic advantage for India, allowing it to strengthen ties with like-minded nations. For instance, Armenia, which faces ongoing threats from Azerbaijan, has turned to India for essential military equipment such as guns, rocket launchers, and air defence systems. By deepening partnerships with countries like Armenia, India can impose costs on distant adversaries while simultaneously testing and validating its military platforms in real-world scenarios.
The Path to Achieving Export Targets
To realize these ambitious export targets, India must streamline its defence export processes. The government needs to act as a facilitator rather than a hindrance. Establishing a unified, dedicated defence exports promotion authority could be a game-changer. This body would coordinate among various stakeholders, including defence public sector undertakings (PSUs), private sector companies, and government agencies like the Defence Exhibition Organisation (DEO) and the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT).
Enhancing Coordination
Effective defence exports require seamless coordination among multiple entities. The military must provide access to testing facilities, while the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) plays a crucial role in finalizing defence agreements with other nations. A dedicated authority could streamline these interactions, ensuring that all stakeholders are aligned and working towards common goals.
Navigating Legal Complexities
Defence exports are subject to a complex web of international and domestic legal requirements. Items classified as military or dual-use are listed under India’s SCOMET (Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies) regulations, necessitating special licenses and end-user certificates. A unified agency could assist manufacturers in navigating these intricate processes, reducing bureaucratic delays and uncertainties.
Attracting Talent and Scouting New Markets
Creating an independent agency with its own recruitment rules would enable the government to tap into the business acumen present in the private sector. Bureaucratic inertia often stifles innovation, but an independent body could attract skilled professionals focused on export promotion.
Moreover, this agency could actively scout for new markets for Indian defence exports. While the MEA currently handles this responsibility, its bandwidth is often stretched thin. A specialized agency could concentrate on export promotion and even extend lines of credit to partner nations for purchasing Indian equipment.
Proven Capabilities Ready for Export
India’s defence capabilities, such as the DRDO’s Akash air defence system, domestically upgraded L/70 guns, and BrahMos missiles, have demonstrated their effectiveness in recent conflicts. It is now imperative to scale up production and ensure these advanced systems are made available not only to Indian forces but also to allied nations.
Conclusion
India stands at a crucial juncture in its defence journey. By focusing on ‘Made in India’ and enhancing defence exports, the country can not only secure its borders but also emerge as a formidable player in the global defence arena. The government’s proactive measures and strategic partnerships will be vital in achieving these ambitious goals, ultimately contributing to national security and economic growth.